Vitamins - roles in the body

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The role of vitamins in metabolism, the immune system and tissue health

Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)
Vitamin A - vision (especially night vision), skin and mucous membrane health, immune system function
Vitamin D - calcium absorption, bone and tooth health, immune system function support
Vitamin E, antioxidant - protects cells from oxidation, supports immune defense
Vitamin K - blood clotting, bone metabolism

Water-soluble vitamins (B group + C)
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) - energy metabolism, nervous system function
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - energy metabolism, skin and mucous membrane health
Vitamin B3 (niacin), energy metabolism, nervous system function, skin health
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) - fat and carbohydrate metabolism, hormone and vitamin D production formation
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), protein metabolism, nervous system function, red blood cell formation
Vitamin B7 (biotin) - hair, skin and nail health, energy metabolism
Vitamin B9 (folate, folic acid) - cell division, fetal nervous system development, red blood cell formation
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin), nervous system function, red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), antioxidant, immune system support, iron absorption, connective tissue formation (collagen)

Vitamins are essential for the following functions, among others: metabolism (especially B vitamins), immune defense (A, C, D, E), bones and teeth (D, K, A), nervous system function (B1, B3, B6, B12), cell protection and regeneration (C, E, folate, B12)

Nutrients
Trace elementsCalcium CaIron FeIodine (I)Potassium KMagnesium MgSodium NaSalt - Sodium chloridePhosphorus PSelenium SeZinc ZnFatFatty acidsPolyunsaturated fatsMonounsaturated fatsOleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic acid) monounsaturated fatsSaturated fatOmega-3 fatty acidsOmega-6 fatty acidsFatty acid - linoleic acidFatty acid - alpha-linolenic acidEPA eikosapentaeenihappoDHA dokosaheksaeenihappoSterolsBenzoic acidProteinAmino acidsLysiiniMethionineThreonineCarbohydratesOrganic acidsSokerialkoholiSugarsMonosaccharidesDisaccharidesGlycemic indexLactose (milk sugar) 15Galactose 32Maltose (malt sugar) 30Glucose (grape sugar) 70Sucrose (cane sugar) 100Fructose (fruit sugar) 140–175TärkkelysFiberFiber insoluble in waterSoluble fiberPolysaccharide, water-solubleXylitol (birch sugar) 100Galactose (C6H12O6)Ribose (C5H10O5)Deoxyribose (C5H10O4)Trehalose (mushroom sugar) (C12H22O11)Caramel color E150Nitrogen compoundsTryptophanFolate B9, folic acidNiasiiniekvivalentti NENiacin B3 (nicotinamide, nicotinic acid)Pyridoxine B6Riboflavin B2Thiamine B1Vitamin BVitamin A Retinol, β-caroteneKarotenoiditB12 CobalaminVitamin C Ascorbic AcidVitamin D2 (ergocalciferol), D3 (cholecalciferol)Vitamin E Tocopherols, tocotrienolsVitamin K K₁ (phylloquinone), K₂ (menaquinone)Pantothenic Acid B5B7 BiotinCholine (B-group, vitamin-like)LuteinZeaxanthinBeta-carotene (precursor of vitamin A)Cu CopperMn ManganeseMineralsMineral densityEnergy (kJ)Calories (kcal)FiberGut healthBeneficial bacteria of the gutPrebioticsBeta-glucanGallotanninsPectinLaxativeElectrolytesOsteocalcinHomocysteineBromelain enzymeFenoliyhdisteetProanthocyanidinsFlavonolsKaempferolAntioxidants and bioactive compoundsAntioksidantitOleocanthalOleocanthalPolyphenolsPolyphenolsFlavonoidsFlavanonitHesperidinNaringinResveratrolAnthocyaninsQuercetinOats tramidesCarotenoidsBeta-carotene (precursor of vitamin A)LuteinZeaxanthinLycopenePhytochemicalsPhytoenePterostilbeneActinidin enzymeCyanideMalvidinLuteoliiniSupport for the immune systemImmune defenceCleans the arteries, keeps the blood cleanSupporting hemoglobin levelsPromotes iron absorptionManaging cholesterolLipid-loweringChange in cholesterol, glucose, and insulin levelsLowering triglyceridesIncreasing HDL cholesterolReducing LDL cholesterolPrevents the oxidation of blood cholesterolEnergy - extra energyHigh carbohydrate contentCardiovascular healthBrain healthSerotoninPrevention of cerebral circulation disorders, paralysisAlzheimer'sLowers the risk of blood clotsLowers the risk of stroke and heart diseaseStrengthens the inner lining of blood vesselsMay help prevent unwanted blood clottingAnti-inflammatory effectAnti-inflammatory effectsReducing chronic inflammationRisk of arteriosclerosisGut and stomach supportImproved digestionThe body's pH balancePrebiotics, types of fiber feed the good bacteria in the gutRemineralizingCa Calcium Structure and health of bones and teethP Phosphorus Energy metabolism, bonesK Potassium Fluid balance, nervous system functionSodium Fluid balance, muscle functionMg Magnesium Function of muscles and nervous systemCl Chloride Fluid balance, part of hydrochloric acidBlood pressureFunctioning of blood vesselsThe body's resistance to inflammationBlood sugar managementDiabetesHypoglycemicBlood sugar and insulin sensitivityLow in caloriesWeight managementWeight gain and visceral fatMetabolic syndromeSugar and fat metabolismLow-grade inflammationMetabolismNestetasapainoSwellingHormonesBoneLihaksetEnhancing athletic performanceHermostoIhon terveysRich in antioxidants - cells, skin, hair, all organsSlows down cell agingProtecting cells from oxidative stressFormation of muscle cellsCondition of the skin and mucous membranesMucous membrane healthCollagen production in the skinCollagen - Skin Connective Tissue Joints Tendons Muscles BonesSkin and tissue well-beingSkin microcirculationGives the skin a healthy colorEnhances UV protectionWoundsEye healthVisionNight vision and corneal healthProtect eye cells from oxidative stress (Vitamin E)Supports the connective tissues of the eye and acts as an antioxidantDry eyes and light sensitivityLutein, a protective substance for the retinaJoint healthReduces inflammation and oxidative stressElimistön puhdistaminenLiver healthLiver detoxificationUrinary problemsBody wastes, toxic substancesPossible cancer-preventive effectAntibacterial propertiesPossible effect on sleep qualityFertilityWho it may not be suitable forOther additivesStabilizersE410 - Carob bean gumE412 Guar gumEmulsifierMono- and diglycerides of fatty acidsDextroseFinland
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Helena Penttilä
Helena Penttilä
helena.penttila@cosmeshop.fi